Demand for electrical power has become one of the major challenges faced by the developing countries
نویسنده
چکیده
In this context of changing and challenging market requirements, Gas Insulated Substation(GIS) has found a broad range of applications in power systems for more than two decades because of its high reliability, easy maintenance and small ground space requirement etc. SF6 has been of considerable technological interest as an insulation medium in GIS because of its superior insulating properties, high dielectric strength at relatively low pressure and its thermal and chemical stability. SF6 is generally found to be very sensitive to field perturbations such as those caused by conductor surface imperfections and by conducting particle contaminants. A study of CIGRE group suggests that 20% of failure in GIS is due to the existence of various metallic contaminations in the form of loose particles. The presence of contamination can therefore be a problem with gas insulated substations operating at high fields. If the effects of these particles could be eliminated, then this would improve the reliability of compressed gas insulated substation. It would also offer the possibility of operating at higher fields to affect a potential reduction in the GIS size with subsequent savings in the cost of manufacture and installation. The purpose of this paper is to develop techniques, which will formulate the basic equations that will govern the movement of metallic particles like aluminum, copper in a coated as well as uncoated busduct.
منابع مشابه
The Viability of Biofuels in Developing Countries: Successes, Failures, and Challenges
In the last few decades, finding alternatives to fossil fuels has become a hot issue across all international frontiers. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has shed light on the feasibility of using biofuels to meet the growing energy demand as well as to reduce CO2 emissions which are a major cause of global warming, especially in the transportation sector. The...
متن کاملInvestigation of the Effect of Natural Disasters on Household Demand Using an EASI Demand System
In recent centuries, many natural disasters such as floods and droughts have appeared and have had many adverse effects on many countries. Natural disaster is one of the major environmental challenges in the world and has serious socioeconomic consequences in countries. Evidence points to the fact that these natural disasters have a significant negative impact on crop yield, food security, ther...
متن کاملPlasma industry history at a glance
Abstract Background and Objectives The plasma industry started during World War II with the need for Plasma Derived Medicinal Products (PDMP). About 30 major plasma products are now commercially available, the most important of which are albumin, coagulation factors and immunoglobulin. Demand for these products is still growing, and these products have become particularly important not only in ...
متن کاملVoltage Sag in Distribution Systems- A review and comparative study (Reasons, Characteristics, Compensations and Detection)
By quick technological advancements in industrial control processes, major industries demand higher power quality. According to IEEE 1159-1995 standard, any problems in voltage, current or frequency that lead to the error or malfunctions in electrical equipment are considered as a power quality problem. Among the power quality phenomena, voltage sag has been an important problem for power sys...
متن کاملIncorporating Wind Power Generation And Demand Response into Security-Constrained Unit Commitment
Wind generation with an uncertain nature poses many challenges in grid integration and secure operation of power system. One of these operation problems is the unit commitment. Demand Response (DR) can be defined as the changes in electric usage by end-use customers from their normal consumption patterns in response to the changes in the price of electricity over time. Further, DR can be also d...
متن کاملEconomic Load Dispatch using PSO Algorithm Based on Adaptive Learning Strategy Considering Valve point Effect
Abstract: In recent years due to problems such as population growth and as a result increase in demand for electrical energy, power systems have been faced with new challenges that not existed in the past. One of the most important issues in modern power systems is economic load dispatch, which is a complex optimization problem with a large number of variables and constraints. Due to the comple...
متن کامل